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My research has focused on clinical problems in surgery. An ongoing interest throughout my career has been the overlap of societal structure and disease. Early on, this included trauma and surgical infections, clinical challenges posed by tuberculosis, the effects of HIV on trauma and breast cancer, sex and surgical outcomes, and domestic abuse. I also had the opportunity to participate in seminal studies at regarding the management of solid-organ injuries—particularly hepatic and splenic injuries.

As I narrowed my clinical practice to breast disease, my research interests now focus exclusively on breast cancer, and I have published more than 200 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and abstracts. An ongoing collaborative project with the and the Breast Surgery Section involves a critical evaluation of our experience with nipple-sparing mastectomies. To date this project has resulted in 14 abstracts and poster presentations and 5 papers.

I have been active in the adoption of new techniques and technology for breast cancer surgery, currently including the MarginProbe® radiofrequency-based device for intraoperative lumpectomy margin evaluation, which can reduce re-excision rates in breast-conserving breast cancer surgery, and an institutional review board–approved clinical trial evaluating the SAVI SCOUT® system for nonradioactive seed localization of breast tumors.

Additional academic interests of mine include other surgical techniques, disparities and racial differences in breast cancer outcomes, the evolving role of mammographic screening, and the biology of breast cancer.

I have had the opportunity to collaborate with Mei Fu, PhD, RN, FAAN, of the since 2008, focusing on lymphedema diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This research incorporates qualitative and quantitative methods, genomic and biomarker approaches, and cutting-edge measurement technology, as well as innovative behavioral interventions. Our most recent study, which began enrolling patients in June 2015, offers breast cancer survivors a tablet-based self-assessment for lymphedema.