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NYU Grossman School of Medicine is among the centers enrolling participants in a randomized phase 3 clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine candidate developed by the pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca. The trial will seek to enroll up to 30,000 healthy study participants aged 18 years and older to receive 2 doses of either the vaccine or a placebo (saline solution).
Vaccine designers at the company and Oxford University sought to determine which protein components of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the current pandemic virus, are 鈥渕ost noticed by鈥 the human immune system. Successful vaccine ingredients 鈥渢each鈥 the immune system which microbial invaders to attack upon future encounters, providing protection for a period of time, researchers say.
鈥淭his trial represents the advance of yet another kind of potential vaccine into large-scale trials, and we will need a variety of approaches if we are to control this terrible pandemic,鈥 says Mark J. Mulligan, MD, director of the and director of the at 嘿嘿视频 Health.
嘿嘿视频 Health was chosen as a trial center thanks in part to the expertise of Dr. Mulligan, a leader in infectious disease research programs that have over decades yielded vaccine candidates for HIV and other viruses. Five research clinics within 嘿嘿视频 Health will vaccinate study participants, with the Vaccine Center at 嘿嘿视频鈥檚 Tisch Hospital in Manhattan coordinating the effort. Other system hospitals that will serve as vaccinating sites include 嘿嘿视频 Hospital鈥擝rooklyn and 嘿嘿视频 Hospital鈥擫ong Island (formerly known as NYU Winthrop Hospital). Research clinics at two NYU Grossman School of Medicine鈥揳ffiliated institutions, NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue in Manhattan and the VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, are also conducting the trial.
VIDEO: Infectious diseases expert Dr. Mark J. Mulligan explains the process of launching this new clinical trial testing the efficacy of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate, and trial participant Suzanne shares why she volunteered to join the study.
嘿嘿视频 Health is 1 of only 10 specialized National Institutes of Health (NIH)鈥揻unded Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units, or VTEUs, in the nation, several of which are participating in the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine trial. As a VTEU, 嘿嘿视频 is part of the COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN), supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which is part of the NIH. CoVPN is composed of existing NIAID-supported clinical research networks with infectious disease expertise and designed for rapid and thorough evaluation of vaccine candidates and monoclonal antibodies for the prevention of COVID-19.
Cold Virus as Vehicle
The COVID-19 vaccine in the newly launched trial uses a virus that causes colds in chimpanzees but not humans. It delivers into patient鈥檚 cells a gene that instructs them to make the 鈥渟pike proteins鈥 used by SARS-CoV-2 to attach to proteins on human cell surfaces, the first step in invading cells. Including the spikes in vaccines has the potential to make proteins required for viral survival (ability to infect) visible to the human immune system, say the study investigators.
Studies so far have shown that this viral protein triggers a strong immune response, with the body manufacturing proteins called antibodies that glom onto and inactivate the protein, and that label it for destruction by immune cells (e.g., T cells).
In an earlier, smaller study focused on the vaccine鈥檚 safety, and , the study vaccine, called ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, demonstrated the ability to generate in more than 91 percent of vaccinated study participants SARS-CoV-2 鈥渘eutralizing antibodies,鈥 capable of defending cells from the virus, and of blocking its biological effects. The earlier study also found that study participants receiving the vaccine candidate, also called AZD1222, had mild, flu-like symptoms as side effects, and the vaccine was safe and generally well tolerated.
Current trial participants will receive either two doses of AZD1222 or saline solution as a control, four weeks apart, with twice as many participants receiving the potential vaccine than the saline. The health of patients will be monitored for two years after their second dose of the vaccine candidate.
Investigators at NYU Grossman School of Medicine and the affiliated clinics are currently seeking to enroll study participants at higher risk for COVID-19 infection and disease, including older adults, racial and ethnic minorities who have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 (e.g., Black, Latinx, and indigenous peoples), and workers with certain occupations like first responders, restaurant and bar staff, and other essential workers. Learn more about .
The trial is funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and by NIAID.
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