鈥淥ur findings highlight how cancer, diabetes, and heart disease do not exist in a vacuum, and that it is critical to consider how targeting one of these conditions can affect the others,鈥 says Dr. Kathryn J. Moore, a co-senior author of the study.
听
Credit: 嘿嘿视频 Staff
A cancer therapy that prompts the body鈥檚 immune defenses against viruses and bacteria to attack tumors can make patients more vulnerable to heart attack and stroke. A possible explanation for this side effect is that the treatment interferes with immune regulation in the heart鈥檚 largest blood vessels, a new study suggests.
Led by researchers at 嘿嘿视频 Health, the new work focused on a potent class of cancer-fighting drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors. These medications work by blocking molecules embedded on the surface of cells鈥攊mmune checkpoints鈥攚hich normally serve as 鈥渂rake pedals鈥 that prevent excess immune activity, or inflammation. Some tumors are known to hijack these checkpoints to weaken the body鈥檚 defenses, so by blocking the checkpoints, the treatments enable the immune system to kill tumor cells.
However, this treatment type may also trigger damaging levels of inflammation in the heart, brain, stomach, and other organs, the researchers say. For example, past studies have shown that about 10 percent of those with atherosclerosis, the buildup of hardened fatty deposits (plaques) within artery walls, have a heart attack or stroke following cancer treatment. However, the specific mechanisms behind this issue had until now remained unclear.
To address this question, the research team explored at a cellular level how immune checkpoint inhibitors interact with immune cells within arterial plaques. A genetic analysis by the study authors showed that the same type of immune checkpoints targeted by cancer therapies also appear in arterial immune cells, establishing a link between checkpoint inhibitors and cardiovascular events.
鈥淥ur findings provide new insight into how a drug intended to target tumors can also prompt a heightened immune response in arteries and increase risk of heart disease,鈥 said study co-senior author . 鈥淐ancer patients and their physicians should be aware that they may need to monitor for new heart concerns following cancer treatment,鈥 added Dr. Giannarelli, an associate professor in the听 in the听 at NYU Grossman School of Medicine.
For the current study, , the researchers analyzed the genetic activity of thousands of immune cells collected from the plaques of 50 men and women undergoing a surgical procedure to address atherosclerosis.
The investigators also explored how type 2 diabetes, a known risk factor for both cancer and heart disease, may make those with atherosclerosis even more vulnerable to the ill effects of checkpoint inhibitors, adds Dr. Giannarelli, also an associate professor in the at NYU Grossman School of Medicine. As part of the study, the team assessed immune checkpoint activity in arterial tissue collected from eight patients with diabetes and four healthy volunteers. Notably, none had a history of atherosclerosis. The results showed that the diabetes patients had less measurable communication between checkpoints, which in turn can prompt increased inflammation.
Other experiments further revealed that taking immune checkpoint inhibitors might make it harder to combat atherosclerosis. Under normal circumstances, physicians typically prescribe low-fat diets to reduce plaque buildup and inflammation. Indeed, the researchers鈥 experiments in rodents confirmed that such diets boost communication between immune checkpoints within arteries. However, cancer patients may be at a disadvantage because their therapy, by blocking these same checkpoints, may counteract the anti-inflammatory benefits of fat reduction.
鈥淥ur findings highlight how cancer, diabetes, and heart disease do not exist in a vacuum, and that it is critical to consider how targeting one of these conditions can affect the others,鈥 said study co-senior author . 鈥淣ow that experts have a better understanding of the interplay between these diseases, they can begin to explore new strategies to lower the risk of unintended health concerns caused by their treatment,鈥 added Dr. Moore, the Jean and David Blechman Professor of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine, where she also serves as director of its .
Dr. Moore, also a professor in the , cautions that the study did not directly assess immune checkpoint behavior in cancer patients. The team plans to do so in future investigations, she adds.
Funding for the study was provided by National Institutes of Health grants P30CA016087, R01HL153712, R01HL165258, R35HL135799, and R01HL084312. Further funding was provided by the American Heart Association grant 20SFRN35210252 and a Chan Zuckerberg Institute grant.
In addition to Dr. Moore and Dr. Giannarelli, , and Dayasagar Das, PhD, served as study co-lead authors. Other 嘿嘿视频 researchers involved in the study are Michael Gildea, PhD, Letizia Amadori, PhD; Morgane Gourvest, PhD; Ravneet Kaur, MS; Natalia Eberhardt, PhD; Panagiotis Smyrnis, MD, PhD; Burak Cilhoroz, PhD; Swathy Sajja, MS; Navneet Narula, MD; ; Ira J. Goldberg, MD; Edward A. Fisher, MD, PhD; and Jeffrey S. Berger, MD. Additional study investigators include Karishma Rahman, MD, PhD; Dawn Fernandez, PhD; and Peter Faries, MD, at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.
Media Inquiries
Shira Polan
Phone: 212-404-4279
Shira.Polan@NYULangone.org
